Wild fish from a highly urbanized river (Orge, France) as vectors of culturable Enterobacterales resistant to antibiotics.

This study shows how wild fishes from urbanized rivers could be involved in the spread of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacterales. Antibiotic resistance profiles and molecular detection of clinical integron (IntI1) were carried out on 105 Enterobacterales isolated from 89 wildfish (skin or gut) belonging to 8 species. The proportion of isolates resistant to at least one antibiotic was independent of fish species and reached 28.3% within the Escherichia coli (E. coli) population and 84.7% in the non-E.coli Enterobacterales. Bacteria involved in nosocomial infections were isolated, such as E. coli, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter, as well as the environmental bacteria (Lelliottia, Butiauxella, and Kluyvera).

A multicentre retrospective study of lumbar sympathectomy for plantar hyperhidrosis: satisfaction and postoperative complications.

BACKGROUND: Primary plantar hyperhidrosis has a severe impact on quality of life and conservative treatments are only effective in the short term. Thoracic sympathectomy has proven its effectiveness in the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis, but lumbar sympathectomy for plantar hyperhidrosis remains poorly described. OBJECTIVES: To report the satisfaction of patients with primary plantar hyperhidrosis treated with mechanical lumbar sympathectomy as well as their postoperative complications. METHODS: This was a multicentre retrospective observational study of 16 patients with primary plantar hyperhidrosis, treated with mechanical lumbar sympathectomy from December 2012 to October 2022. Patients' characteristics were collected from medical records. Quality of life, postoperative satisfaction and complications were evaluated using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: Lumbar sympathectomy was performed on 16 patients, 14 were women and 2 were men with a total of 31 procedures. Fourteen (88%) patients were satisfied and would recommend the surgery to other patients. Compensatory hyperhidrosis occurred in 75% of patients, recurrence of hyperhidrosis in 31% and sexual dysfunction in 19%. CONCLUSIONS: Lumbar sympathectomy provides satisfying results for plantar hyperhidrosis with acceptable postoperative complications, regardless of sex. Compensatory hyperhidrosis was the most frequent complication but had no impact on patient satisfaction. In the literature, data on the risk of sexual dysfunction are reassuring and in our study only one of two men experienced transient ejaculation disorder.

Contrasted Antibiotics and Pesticides Occurrence in Fish Exposed In Situ to Urban Effluents: A 20-Day Caging Experiment.

Urban freshwater ecosystems receive a wide array of organic pollutants through wastewater-treatment plant (WWTP) discharges and agricultural runoff. Evaluating the fate and effects of antibiotics and pesticides can be a challenging task, especially the effects on freshwater vertebrates because of their abilities to metabolize and excrete these chemicals and because of their high mobility and escape behavior when exposed to stressful environmental conditions. In the present study, 37 wild gudgeons (Gobio gobio) were caged for a period of up to 20 days, upstream and downstream of a WWTP effluent discharge in the Orge River (a tributary of the Seine River, France). Levels of pesticides and antibiotics in fish muscles were monitored weekly and compared with environmental contamination (water and sediments). Our results highlighted a slight bioaccumulation of pesticides in the gudgeon muscles at the downstream site after 20 days of exposure. Concerning antibiotics, ofloxacin was the most detected compound in fish muscles (85% of occurrence) and ranged from undetectable to 8 ng g-1 dry weight. Antibiotic levels in fish muscle were not higher at the downstream site and did not increase with exposure duration, despite high levels in the water (up to 29 times greater than upstream). Potential ecotoxicological effects were also evaluated: Body condition did not differ between the caging location and exposure time. Three oxidative status markers in the fish livers showed significant shifts after 14 days of caging. Our results suggest a high clearance rate of antibiotics and, to a lesser extent, of pesticides in wild gudgeons, which could be explained by changes in xenobiotic metabolism with pollutant exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:701-711. © 2023 SETAC.

Initial Study of the Extended STABILISE Technique for Complete Remodeling in Aortic Dissection.

BACKGROUND: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is the standard treatment for acute complicated type B aortic dissection (TBAD). However, long-term results reveal that TEVAR does not achieve a complete aortic remodeling and poses a risk of aneurysmal aortic degeneration. Distal re-entry treatment at the abdominal level seems to be necessary to obtain a complete remodeling in TBAD. Moreover, it is necessary to treat the aortoiliac bifurcation in patients with persistent true lumen collapse or limb ischemia. METHODS: Between January 2018 and October 2019, 11 patients with acute or sub-acute complicated TBAD or non-A non-B aortic dissection were treated in our institution in an endovascular fashion. We performed the stent-assisted, balloon-induced intimal disruption and relamination in aortic dissection repair (STABILISE) technique in all cases, but 2 cases required complementary treatment of the aortoiliac bifurcation with a bifurcated AFX endograft system for limb ischemia due to true lumen collapse. RESULTS: Technical success was obtained in all patients. No procedural complications occurred. No postoperative deaths, stroke, paraplegia, mesenteric, or renal ischemia were observed, and no secondary intervention was necessary. Satisfactory aortic re-modeling was obtained after the follow-up periods with a 57.5% mean true lumen expansion. CONCLUSIONS: Our initial experience using the extended STABILISE (e-STABILISE) technique using a bifurcated AFX endograft did not result in any postoperative mortality or complications. Without additional data, this technique should be reserved for specific patients who require revascularization of the aortoiliac bifurcation.

Effects of Age on Esophageal Motility: A High-Resolution Manometry Study.

BACKGROUND: Studies have found possible physiologic changes to esophageal motility with aging currently not taken into account in routine high-resolution manometry (HRM) interpretation. We aimed to quantify the relationship between these physiologic changes and aging to improve HRM interpretation. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent HRM at a tertiary hospital center between 2015 and 2019. Inclusion criteria were patients aged ≥18 years with normal HRM. Exclusion criteria were abnormal HRM, abnormal upper digestive endoscopy or imagery. Outcomes were median integrated relaxation pressure (IRP), lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, distal contractal integral (DCI), distal latency (DL), and peristaltic break (PB) according to the v4.0 Chicago classification criteria. Effect of age was examined through univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis. RESULTS: We identified 1,917 patients with HRM and included 722 patients with normal exams (median age 56 years (interquartile range (IQR) 46 - 66), 63.8% female). Indications for HRM included dysphagia (39.6%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (29.5%), and chest pain (11.5%). There was statistically significant relationship between age and IRP (r = 0.20, P < 0.0001) as well as DCI (r = 0.12, P = 0.001) and DL (r = -0.09, P = 0.02). No statistically significant relationship was found between age and LES pressure or PB. CONCLUSION: We found that IRP, DCI, and to a lesser extent, DL, are significantly correlated with the normal aging process in symptomatic patients. These findings should be taken into consideration when interpreting esophageal HRM.

Clinical validation of the SIMPLE classification for optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps.

Background and study aims A novel endoscopic optical diagnosis classification system (SIMPLE) has recently been developed. This study aimed to evaluate the SIMPLE classification in a clinical cohort. Patients and methods All diminutive and small colorectal polyps found in a cohort of individuals undergoing screening, diagnostic, or surveillance colonoscopies underwent optical diagnosis using image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) and the SIMPLE classification. The primary outcome was the agreement of surveillance intervals determined by optical diagnosis compared with pathology-based results for diminutive polyps. Secondary outcomes included the negative predictive value (NPV) for rectosigmoid adenomas, the percentage of pathology exams avoided, and the percentage of immediate surveillance interval recommendations. Analysis of optical diagnosis for polyps ≤ 10 mm was also performed. Results 399 patients (median age 62.6 years; 55.6 % female) were enrolled. For patients with at least one polyp ≤ 5 mm undergoing optical diagnosis, agreement with pathology-based surveillance intervals was 93.5 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 91.4-95.6). The NPV for rectosigmoid adenomas was 86.7 % (95 %CI 77.5-93.2). When using optical diagnosis, pathology analysis could be avoided in 61.5 % (95 %CI 56.9-66.2) of diminutive polyps, and post-colonoscopy surveillance intervals could be given immediately to 70.9 % (95 %CI 66.5-75.4) of patients. For patients with at least one ≤ 10 mm polyp, agreement with pathology-based surveillance intervals was 92.7 % (95 %CI 89.7-95.1). NPV for rectosigmoid adenomas ≤ 10 mm was 85.1 % (95 %CI CI 76.3-91.6). Conclusions IEE with the SIMPLE classification achieved the quality benchmark for the resect and discard strategy; however, the NPV for rectosigmoid polyps requires improvement.

Optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps: a randomized controlled trial comparing endoscopic image-enhancing modalities.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Optical polyp diagnosis using image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) allows for real-time histology prediction of colorectal polyps. The aim of this study was to evaluate a recently introduced IEE modality (Optivista [OV]; Pentax Medical, Tokyo, Japan) in a randomized controlled trial. METHODS: In a prospective cohort of subjects (ages 45-80 years) undergoing elective screening, surveillance, or diagnostic colonoscopy, all colorectal polyps between 1 and 5 mm underwent IEE assessment. Study subjects were randomized before their colonoscopy procedure to undergo optical polyp diagnosis using either OV IEE or iScan (IS) IEE. A validated IEE scale (NBI International Colorectal Endoscopic classification) was used for optical polyp diagnosis. The primary outcome was the agreement of surveillance intervals determined when using OV IEE compared with IS IEE in reference with pathology-based surveillance intervals. Secondary outcomes were the percentage of surveillance intervals that could be given on the same day as the procedure, percentage of pathology tests avoided, diagnostic performance, and negative predictive value (NPV) of optical diagnosis for rectosigmoid adenomas. RESULTS: Four hundred ten patients were enrolled in the trial. The polyp detection rate was 58.6%, and the adenoma detection rate was 38.8%. The proportion of correct surveillance interval assignment when using OV or IS IEE was 96.5% versus 96.0% (P = .75). A total of 65.1% of patients could be given same-day surveillance intervals when using OV IEE versus 73.1% for IS IEE (P = .07). The NPV for rectosigmoid adenomas (including sessile serrated adenomas) was 97.5% when using OV IEE and 88.2% when using IS IEE. Using high-confidence optical diagnosis instead of pathology would have resulted in a 44.3% elimination of required pathology examinations for OV IEE versus 52.8% for IS IEE (P = .34). CONCLUSIONS: Optical diagnosis using OV and IS IEE both surpassed the 90% benchmark of surveillance interval assignment, and no significant difference with regard to correct surveillance interval assignment was found. OV IEE surpassed the ≥90% NPV for rectosigmoid adenomas, whereas IS IEE did not. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT03515343.).

Aortic treatment of native infection by reconstruction with the Omniflow II biologic prosthesis.

Aortic infection is a challenging condition. Fortunately, surgical revision of infected aorta with in situ reconstruction can provide long-term cure. The material for aortic repair remains an area of debate. The Omniflow II (LeMaitre Vascular, Burlington, Mass) prosthesis is a biosynthetic graft made to resist long-term degeneration and allows growth of host tissue with reduction of the risk of arterial infection. It has already been used for peripheral bypass with very low infection rates. Herein, we describe an original case of first-line native aorta replacement by a straight Omniflow II biologic prosthesis for infected aortic aneurysm.

Tolerance of rapid right ventricular pacing during thoracic endovascular aortic repair.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the tolerance of rapid right ventricular pacing (RRVP) compared with that of the traditional methods of hypotension used during thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). METHODS: From January 2002 to December 2012, we retrospectively included all the patients treated with TEVAR by comparing the 2 groups: patients operated with RRVP (RRVP+) and those operated without RRVP (RRVP-). The characteristics of the population and the procedures were recorded. The rates of complications were compared up to 1 year. RESULTS: Sixty-one patients were operated. Treated pathologies were multiple with 19 aneurysms, 14 false aneurysms, 12 isthmic ruptures, 11 dissections, 3 coarctations, and 2 endoleaks. Twenty-four patients were RRVP+ and 37 patients were RRVP-. Mortality rates at 1 month in groups RRVP+ and RRVP- were of 0% and 2.7%, respectively (P = 1), and reintervention rates were 0% and 13.5%, respectively (P = 0.15). Three peroperative rhythm disorders (12.5%) were observed in the RRVP+ group including 2 ventricular fibrillations and 1 atrial fibrillation, both reduced without complications. One pacemaker was implanted for atrioventricular block in the RRVP- group. In the RRVP+ group, 83.3% of the patients presented a rise in troponin Ic (TnI) >0.04 ng/mL in 72 hours compared with 40.5% of the patients in the RRVP- group (P = 0.0013), with a spontaneously favorable evolution. No coronary syndrome was observed at 1 year with a mortality rate of 10.8% in the RRVP- group vs. 0% in the RRVP+ (P = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS: In spite of a frequent moderate rise of TnI at the time of RRVP, this technique does not present more complications at 1 year than the use of a chemical hypotension. It thus seems an interesting alternative for selected patients, in trained teams.

Utility of electrofusion for the femoral approach in vascular surgery: a randomized prospective study.

BACKGROUND: The local complications are frequent after a femoral approach in vascular surgery and are often the cause of a delay in healing. Electrofusion showed its effectiveness to decrease the complications in general surgery but was not tested in vascular surgery. The aim of our study was to evaluate if the use of electrofusion in the approach to femoral vessels improved healing at 1 month by decreasing the local complications. METHODS: This prospective randomized study was conducted in 2 centers from May 1, 2012 to April 30, 2013. All the patients requiring a surgical access of the femoral trigone were included in 2 French teaching hospitals. Femoral artery surgical exposure was carried out using electrofusion or according to the conventional technique (diathermy or cold scalpel) according to a protocol of randomization. The principle criterion of the study was a complete healing at 1 month. The secondary criteria were the appearance of cutaneous, infectious, or lymphatic local complications. RESULTS: Two hundred ninety-two femoral approaches were carried out in 221 consecutive patients. One hundred forty-eight approaches were carried out with electrofusion and 144 according to the conventional technique. The demographic and operative characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. At 1 month, 86.3% of the approaches were healed without statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (88.5% vs. 84%, P = 0.241). There were less local complications (P = 0.012) and seromas (P = 0.012) in the electrofusion group. This difference could be linked with the least quantities (P = 0.036) and durations (P = 0.014) of drainage observed after approaches carried out with electrofusion. On the other hand, the incidence of cutaneous or infectious complications was not different between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: In our series, the use of electrofusion decreased the lymphatic complications after a femoral approach. However, the correction of this single parameter was not sufficient to improve the rate of healing at 1 month.

Successful hybrid management of a left vertebral artery aneurysm secondary to type-1 neurofibromatosis.

A 32-year-old man with type-1 neurofibromatosis (NF1) was diagnosed with a left vertebral artery aneurysm of 4 cm maximal diameter. A hybrid procedure was conducted associating the exclusion of the origin of the left vertebral artery with a covered stent in the left subclavian artery and a cervical incision for ligation of the vertebral artery to completely exclude the aneurysm and perform the aneurysm resection. The histologic findings confirmed the diagnosis of NF1 with a vascular localization in the aneurysm. The postoperative course was uneventful. The 1-year clinical and morphologic results were satisfactory.

Carotid artery stenting using a transapical approach for the treatment of radiation-induced carotid stenosis.

Radiation-induced stenosis of the carotid artery is considered a challenging entity for direct revascularization. We performed a carotid artery stenting for a radiation-induced stenosis using a transapical approach on an asymptomatic 63-year-old male patient. Transapical approach, which is often used for cardiac surgery, was not yet described for the endovascular treatment of carotid stenosis. The transapical approach could be an attractive alternative path for patients presenting significant supra-aortic trunks lesions and unfit for direct approach or peripheral access. This case reports the feasibility and the safety of carotid artery stenting using the transapical approach in well-trained teams.

Follow-up of aortic stent grafts: comparison of the volumetric analysis of the aneurysm sac by ultrasound and CT.

BACKGROUND: The long-term follow-up of patients with endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and a normal surgical risk was defined by the French National Authority for Health (Haute Autorité de Santé) in 2009. The monitoring of the volume of the aneurysm sac theoretically avoids the bias related to the measurement of its diameter alone. The objective of this study was to evaluate how reliable and reproducible the volumetric measurement of the aneurysm sac by ultrasound was compared with computerized tomography angiography (CTA). METHODS: We carried out a retrospective diagnosis study of 75 consecutive patients treated with EVAR in our institution who were monitored with 3-dimensional ultrasonography (3DU) and CTA between January 2010 and December 2012. The measurement of the volume (cm(3)) of the aneurysm sac with a Toshiba Aplio XG ultrasound system equipped with a 3-MHz 3-dimensional probe was compared with the volume obtained by CTA. Interoperator reproducibility was studied in the last 45 enrolled patients; 2 different blinded operators made 2 volumetric measurements on the same patients, on the same day. An analysis of a 48-patient subgroup in which at least two 3DU were performed during follow-up was also carried out to determine the threshold value of the increase in the volume of the aneurysm sac, making it possible to suspect the presence of an endoleak. RESULTS: A total of 116 pairs of examinations were compared (the patients who had the longest postoperative follow-up had 4 pairs of compared examinations). The correlation between volumetric ultrasound and CTA measurements was excellent (r = 0.931; P < 0.0001) in the 116 pairs of examinations, and so was the reproducibility of volumetric echography (r = 0.949; P < 0.0001) in 45 patients. The subgroup study highlighted the fact that a 6.5-cm(3) increase of the aneurysm sac made it possible to suspect the presence of an endoleak in comparison with CTA as the gold standard (sensitivity and specificity were 85.7% and 85.3%, respectively). The area under the curve was 0.854 (95% confidence interval, 0.793-0.915). In the 116 examinations, a good correlation between volume and diameter was calculated with CTA (r = 0.733; P < 0.0001) and between ultrasound volumetric and CTA diameter (r = 0.660; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Volumetric echography is comparable with CTA for the evaluation of the aneurysm sac after EVAR, reproducible and inexpensive. When a significant increase of the volume of the sac is detected by ultrasound, the examination can be supplemented by an injection of ultrasound contrast agent or by CTA to visualize an endoleak.

Chronic renoprotective effect of pulsatile perfusion machine RM3 and IGL-1 solution in a preclinical kidney transplantation model.

BACKGROUND: Machine perfusion (MP) of kidney graft provides benefits against preservation injury, however decreased graft quality requires optimization of the method. We examined the chronic benefits of MP on kidney grafts and the potential improvements provided by IGL-1 solution. METHOD: We used an established autotransplantation pig kidney model to study the effects of MP against the deleterious effects of warm ischemia (WI: 60 minutes) followed by 22 hours of cold ischemia in MP or static cold storage (CS) followed by autotransplantation. MPS and IGL-1 solutions were compared. RESULTS: Animal survival was higher in MPS-MP and both IGL groups. Creatinine measurement did not discriminate between the groups, however MPS-MP and both IGL groups showed decreased proteinuria. Chronic fibrosis level was equivalent between the groups. RTqPCR and immunohistofluorescent evaluation showed that MP and IGL-1 provided some protection against epithelial to mesenchymal transition and chronic lesions. IGL-1 was protective with both MP and CS, particularly against chronic inflammation, with only small differences between the groups. CONCLUSION: IGL-1 used in either machine or static preservation offers similar levels of protection than standard MP. The compatibility of IGL-1 with both machine perfusion and static storage could represent an advantage for clinical teams when choosing the correct solution to use for multi-organ collection. The path towards improving machine perfusion, and organ quality, may involve the optimization of the solution and the correct use of colloids.